20. november 2018 | Opdateret/Gennemlæst 4. oktober 2021
Data over de aktuelle tal for antibiotikafølsomhed er hentet via SEGES Laboratorium for Svinesygdommes database. Data omfatter antibiotikafølsomhed i de oftest isolerede svinebakterier:
Data omfatter alle bakterier, som er isoleret fra 1. januar 2014 og er opgjort pr. halvår.
Antibiotikafølsomhed er opgjort på baggrund af fuldt følsomme isolater (F) og moderat følsomme (I) isolater jf. internationale guidelines fra EUCAST
Tabel 1. Antibiotikafølsomhed, hæmolytiske E. coli isolater fra tarmkanalen
|
År-Halvår |
2014-1 |
2014-2 |
2015-1 |
2015-2 |
2016-1 |
2016-2 |
2017-1 |
2017-2 |
2018-1 |
2018-2 |
2019-1 |
2019-2 |
2020-1 |
2020-2 |
2021-1 |
|
Ampicillin |
55.4% |
56.1% |
56.0% |
45.4% |
46.9% |
41.4% |
45.3% |
48.0% |
51.7% |
33.6% |
36.2% |
39.0% |
39.8% |
37.1% |
35.3% |
|
Apramycin |
91.3% |
88.4% |
93.3% |
90.8% |
88.3% |
89.5% |
93.8% |
88.6% |
93.1% |
84.6% |
90.6% |
84.6% |
87.0% |
86.6% |
90.6% |
|
Amoxicillin+Clavulanat |
98.4% |
99.4% |
98.7% |
95.1% |
96.3% |
95.7% |
95.3% |
95.9% |
97.2% |
97.9% |
97.1% |
95.1% |
93.2% |
94.8% |
95.0% |
|
Ceftiofur |
97.8% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
99.5% |
99.4% |
98.8% |
98.4% |
99.2% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
99.2% |
99.4% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
100.0% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
100.0% |
97.5% |
98.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
99.2% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Colistin |
97.3% |
100.0% |
97.3% |
97.8% |
98.8% |
97.5% |
97.7% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.1% |
100.0% |
99.3% |
|
Florfenicol |
95.7% |
95.1% |
92.7% |
95.7% |
87.0% |
93.2% |
89.1% |
91.1% |
86.9% |
88.8% |
87.7% |
91.9% |
83.2% |
84.5% |
81.3% |
|
Gentamicin |
90.8% |
89.6% |
92.7% |
91.9% |
92.0% |
93.2% |
95.3% |
92.7% |
93.1% |
83.9% |
93.5% |
87.8% |
85.7% |
84.5% |
92.8% |
|
Neomycin |
88.6% |
90.9% |
91.3% |
88.6% |
95.1% |
91.4% |
93.8% |
82.9% |
87.6% |
82.5% |
81.9% |
78.0% |
75.2% |
74.2% |
77.0% |
|
Sulphamethoxazol |
32.1% |
31.1% |
38.0% |
30.8% |
35.2% |
26.5% |
31.3% |
33.3% |
41.4% |
32.2% |
21.7% |
27.6% |
31.7% |
32.0% |
25.9% |
|
Spectinomycin |
50.5% |
46.3% |
52.7% |
53.0% |
55.6% |
43.8% |
49.2% |
50.4% |
54.5% |
55.2% |
49.3% |
49.6% |
46.6% |
43.3% |
44.6% |
|
Streptomycin |
28.3% |
27.4% |
30.7% |
25.9% |
34.0% |
25.3% |
28.1% |
26.8% |
33.8% |
21.7% |
19.6% |
26.0% |
23.0% |
26.8% |
22.3% |
|
Tetracyklin |
32.1% |
27.4% |
36.0% |
32.4% |
37.0% |
23.5% |
38.3% |
42.3% |
42.1% |
35.0% |
30.4% |
32.5% |
34.8% |
41.2% |
44.6% |
|
Trimethoprim |
56.5% |
51.8% |
52.7% |
52.4% |
54.3% |
43.8% |
40.6% |
46.3% |
51.7% |
42.0% |
44.9% |
41.5% |
42.9% |
48.5% |
45.3% |
|
Antal isolater |
184 |
164 |
150 |
185 |
162 |
162 |
128 |
123 |
145 |
143 |
138 |
123 |
161 |
97 |
139 |
Tabel 2. Antibiotikafølsomhed, Streptococcus suis isolater
|
År-Halvår |
2014-1 |
2014-2 |
2015-1 |
2015-2 |
2016-1 |
2016-2 |
2017-1 |
2017-2 |
2018-1 |
2018-2 |
2019-1 |
2019-2 |
2020-1 |
2020-2 |
2021-1 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.8% |
95.2% |
98.9% |
98.2% |
98.5% |
97.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.6% |
100.0% |
98.9% |
|
Erythromycin |
43.8% |
41.2% |
43.5% |
45.2% |
52.8% |
40.3% |
55.3% |
45.6% |
53.8% |
47.8% |
35.7% |
42.9% |
41.7% |
49.2% |
42.4% |
|
Florfenicol |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.4% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Cefoxitin (Ceftiofur) |
95.8% |
90.2% |
84.1% |
75.8% |
77.5% |
80.6% |
80.9% |
77.2% |
89.2% |
76.1% |
83.3% |
90.5% |
84.7% |
84.1% |
79.3% |
|
Penicillin |
100.0% |
96.1% |
98.6% |
96.8% |
96.6% |
95.2% |
97.9% |
96.5% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
96.4% |
98.4% |
100.0% |
96.8% |
95.7% |
|
Sulfamethoxazol |
100.0% |
84.3% |
81.2% |
83.9% |
34.8% |
19.4% |
20.2% |
15.8% |
30.8% |
28.3% |
14.3% |
14.3% |
22.2% |
14.3% |
21.7% |
|
Spectinomycin |
81.3% |
70.6% |
79.7% |
87.1% |
71.9% |
75.8% |
73.4% |
75.4% |
84.6% |
82.6% |
75.0% |
69.8% |
69.4% |
81.0% |
64.1% |
|
Streptomycin |
60.4% |
45.1% |
50.7% |
50.0% |
56.2% |
64.5% |
53.2% |
52.6% |
61.5% |
67.4% |
61.9% |
65.1% |
58.3% |
57.1% |
53.3% |
|
Sulphamethoxazol + Trimethoprim |
100.0% |
98.0% |
98.6% |
100.0% |
93.3% |
93.5% |
92.6% |
89.5% |
96.9% |
95.7% |
95.2% |
98.4% |
98.6% |
96.8% |
95.7% |
|
Tetracyklin |
29.2% |
19.6% |
27.5% |
24.2% |
29.2% |
21.0% |
22.3% |
29.8% |
26.2% |
30.4% |
27.4% |
36.5% |
33.3% |
22.2% |
24.4% |
|
Tiamulin |
89.6% |
82.4% |
84.1% |
88.7% |
74.2% |
75.8% |
74.5% |
78.9% |
89.2% |
87.0% |
85.7% |
82.5% |
73.6% |
82.5% |
71.7% |
|
Trimethoprim |
89.6% |
94.1% |
91.3% |
95.2% |
88.8% |
93.5% |
90.3% |
89.5% |
95.4% |
93.5% |
92.9% |
90.5% |
98.6% |
93.7% |
92.4% |
|
Antal isolater |
48 |
51 |
69 |
62 |
89 |
62 |
94 |
57 |
65 |
46 |
84 |
63 |
72 |
63 |
92 |
Tabel 3. Antibiotikafølsomhed, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolater
|
År-Halvår |
2014-1 |
2014-2 |
2015-1 |
2015-2 |
2016-1 |
2016-2 |
2017-1 |
2017-2 |
2018-1 |
2018-2 |
2019-1 |
2019-2 |
2020-1 |
2020-2 |
2021-1 |
|
Ampicillin |
100.0% |
99.4% |
100.0% |
99.1% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.9% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.1% |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Erythromycin |
0.0% |
2.6% |
2.3% |
2.8% |
2.9% |
8.9% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
|
Florfenicol |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Penicillin |
100.0% |
99.3% |
100.0% |
99.1% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.9% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.1% |
|
Spectinomycin |
100.0% |
99.4% |
98.5% |
99.1% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Sulphamethoxazol + Trimethoprim |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Tetracyklin |
95.3% |
95.5% |
97.7% |
97.2% |
99.0% |
100.0% |
97.5% |
96.2% |
96.4% |
97.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.3% |
98.5% |
95.1% |
|
Tiamulin |
98.8% |
99.4% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
97.3% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Tilmicosin |
100.0% |
100.0% |
99.2% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Tulathromycin |
100.0% |
43.5% |
12.2% |
57.8% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
96.2% |
92.7% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
98.6% |
98.5% |
99.0% |
|
Ceftiofur |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
|
Antal isolater |
86 |
154 |
131 |
109 |
103 |
56 |
80 |
53 |
55 |
46 |
67 |
48 |
74 |
65 |
103 |
Resultater af følsomhedsbestemmelsen af hæmolytiske E. coli, Streptococcus suis, og Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae er opgjort pr. halvår med angivelse af totale antal isolater samt procent følsomme isolater (tabel 1, 2 og 3).
Derudover er fordelingen af MIC-værdier, MIC50 og MIC90 for E. coli, Streptococcus suis, og Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae opgjort for det seneste halvår.
MIC50 er defineret som den MIC-værdi for et givent antibiotikum, hvor minimum 50 % af bakterie-isolaternes vækst er hæmmet.
MIC90 er defineret som den MIC-værdi for et givent antibiotikum, hvor minimum 90 % af bakterie-isolaternes vækst er hæmmet.
For at sikre et rationelt forbrug og en effektiv antibiotikabehandling er det nødvendigt at kende til antibiotikafølsomheden i de sygdomsfremkaldende svinebakterier. Antibiotikafølsomhed udtrykker et givent antibiotikums evne til hæmme bakterievækst. Jo lavere antibiotikafølsomhed des højere er resistensen over for det givne antibiotikum.
Antibiotikafølsomhed bliver udtrykt ved Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ~ mindste hæmmende koncentration (MIC). Jo lavere en MIC-værdi er, jo mere følsom er den undersøgte bakterie for et givent antibiotikum. Da der ofte er forskel på resistensforhold mellem besætningerne, er det vigtigt at lave resistensbestemmelse i de enkelte besætninger.
En undersøgelse af bakteriernes MIC-værdi (resistensbestemmelse) kan tage tre arbejdsdage. Indtil laboratoriesvaret foreligger, må man vælge et antibiotikum ud fra en erfaring om, hvad der plejer at være effektivt ved den pågældende sygdom.
For at fastlægge et bakterie-isolats følsomhed over for et givent antibiotikum bliver den bestemte MIC-værdi fortolket i forhold til et klinisk breakpoint. Hvis MIC-værdien er over det kliniske breakpoint, anses bakterie-isolatet som værende resistent. Hvis MIC-værdien derimod er under det kliniske breakpoint, anses bakterie-isolatet som værende følsomt.
For tabeller over de anvendte typer antibiotika, testintervaller og kliniske breakpoints for følsomhedsbestemmelse af hæmolytiske E. coli, Streptococcus suis, og Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, der bruges på SEGES Laboratorium for Svinesygdomme se Appendiks 1.
Antibiotikafølsomhed (MIC=mindste hæmmende koncentration) bliver på SEGES Laboratorium for Svinesygdomme bestemt ved hjælp af bouillon-mikrofortyndings-metoden i 96-brønds mikrotiterplader ved anvendelse af Sensititre-systemet (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), som beskrevet i standardmanual fra Instituttet for kliniske og laboratorie-standarder (CLSI, 2015). Det er denne metode, som er brugt til at lave følsomhedsbestemmelse på bakterierne inkluderet i denne opgørelse.
Tabeller over anvendte typer antibiotika, test intervaller og kliniske breakpoints.
|
E_coli panel |
||
|
Antibiotika |
Test-interval (µg/ml) |
Klinisk breakpoint |
|
Ampicillin |
1–32 |
≥32 |
|
Apramycin |
4-32 |
≥16 |
|
Amoxicillin+Clavulanat |
2/1-32/16 |
≥32/16 |
|
Ceftiofur |
0.5-8 |
≥8 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
0,015-4 |
≥4 |
|
Colistin |
1-16 |
≥4 |
|
Florfenicol |
2-64 |
≥32 |
|
Gentamicin |
0,5-32 |
≥16 |
|
Neomycin |
2-32 |
≥16 |
|
Spectinomycin |
16-256 |
≥128 |
|
Streptomycin |
8-128 |
≥32 |
|
Sulphamethoxazol |
64-1024 |
≥512 |
|
Tetracyklin |
2-32 |
≥16 |
|
Trimethoprim |
1-32 |
≥16 |
|
Streptokok panel |
||
|
Antibiotika |
Test-interval (µg/ml) |
Klinisk breakpoint |
|
Cefoxitin (Ceftiofur) |
0,5-32 |
≥8 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
0,12-8 |
≥4 |
|
Erythromycin |
0,25-16 |
≥1 |
|
Florfenicol |
1-64 |
≥32 |
|
Penicillin |
0,06-16 |
≥4 |
|
Spectinomycin |
16-256 |
≥128 |
|
Streptomycin |
4-64 |
≥32 |
|
Sulfamethoxazol |
32-512 |
≥512 |
|
Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim |
0,25-16 |
≥4 |
|
Tetracyklin |
0,5-32 |
≥8 |
|
Tiamulin |
0,25-32 |
≥32 |
|
Trimethoprim |
0,5-32 |
≥16 |
|
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae panel |
||
|
Antibiotika |
Test-interval (µg/ml) |
Klinisk breakpoint |
|
Ampicillin |
0,5-8 |
≥4 |
|
Ceftiofur |
0,03-8 |
≥8 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
0,12-4 |
≥2 |
|
Erythromycin |
0,12-4 |
≥1 |
|
Florfenicol |
0.12-16 |
≥8 |
|
Penicillin |
0,015-8 |
≥4 |
|
Spectinomycin |
8-256 |
≥128 |
|
Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim |
0,03-8 |
≥4 |
|
Tetracyklin |
0.06-16 |
≥8 |
|
Tiamulin |
1-32 |
≥8 |
|
Tilmicosin |
0,5-64 |
≥32 |
|
Tulathromycin |
0,03-32 |
≥16 |
Printet er fra Svineproduktion.dk. d. 8-08-2022
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